| Process Group | PMBOK | Knowledge Area Process | Why? (inputs) | How? (tools and techniques) | What? (outputs) |
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| Planning | 8.1 | Quality Planning |
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| Executing | 8.2 | Quality Assurance |
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| Controlling | 8.3 | Quality Control |
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1. Cost of Quality = Management¡¯s Responsibility
2. Normal Distribution = Bell Curve
3. One Standard Deviation = 68.3% of population
4. Two Standard Deviations = 95.5% of population
5. Three Standard Deviations = 99.7% of population
6. Rule of 7 = 1.56% probability
7. Cost of Conformance (proactive) = Planning + Training + Control + Validation + Tests + Audits
8. Cost of Conformance is cost of conforming to specifications
9. Cost of Non-conformance (failure) = Scrap, Rework, Additional Work, Warranty, Complaint Handling, Product recall, Expediting.
10. Reliability = primary measure is MTBF Mean time between failure
11. Quality cost of a project = 3% to 5% of project¡¯s total value & nonconformance cost 12-20% of project¡¯s total value (Source = Ireland)
12. Quality Control = Established Base line measures conformance against base line.
13. Variance = measurable in increments
14. Variance = Standard Deviation squared: also called Kurtosis
15. Attribute = Go/No Go decision
16. Probability = chance it will happen
17. Uncertainty = probability not known
18. UCL (upper control limit) = mean LCL (lower control limit) + Standard Deviation = Mean - Standard Deviation
19. Zero Defects = Standard + Communicate
20. Before quality was emphasized, 20 to 30 thousand per million defects, now it is 20 to 50 rejects per million or less. Bar has been raised a lot
21. Quality = Conformance to requirements or specifications
22. Cost of Quality = Nonconformance to specifications
23. Statistical Process Control¡¯s (SPC) main tool is control charts.
24. Regression analysis = function in form
25. Correlation analysis = strength, direction, and form.
26. Sample size increase will decrease control band.
27. Customer expects producibility, usability, reliability, available, maintainability, flexibility, social acceptability, operability, and affordability.